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class="time">時(shí)間：2021-03-06 10:01:56 </span> <span id="gyh2urs" class="sm_after_time"></span> <span id="tmq0rkp" class="source"><a target="_blank" href="http://rhhye.com/jiaoan/gaoyi/" title="高一">高一</a></span> <span id="2shtd2y" class="source"><a target="_blank" href="http://rhhye.com/usr/login.html" title="我要投稿">我要投稿</a></span> </div> <div id="w2axold" class="content"> <div id="v4v67nw" class="excellent_articles_box"> <ul> <li id="aliun17" class="excellent_articles_row"> <a target="_blank" title="世間溫柔皆遺憾的文案" > <em></em> <span id="e09g24w" class="excellent_title">世間溫柔皆遺憾的文案</span> <span id="v5crxcz" class="excellent_star">推薦度：<i></i></span> </a></li> <li id="1kwxqmf" class="excellent_articles_row"> <a target="_blank" title="《人世間》讀后感" > <em></em> <span id="jydwxcu" class="excellent_title">《人世間》讀后感</span> <span id="t9hxrjy" class="excellent_star">推薦度：<i></i></span> </a></li> <li id="71dodio" class="excellent_articles_row"> <a target="_blank" title="小學(xué)語文教案" > <em></em> <span 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alt="高一語文世間最美的墳?zāi)菇贪?/></p><p>　　領(lǐng)會(huì)《世間最美的墳?zāi)埂芳脑⒃趯?duì)墓地樸素美描繪中對(duì)托爾斯泰人格美的贊美。</p><p>　　<strong>二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)</strong></p><p>　　體會(huì)文章所描繪的“樸素美”，感受“樸素美”的震撼力量</p><p>　　<strong>三、教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：</strong></p><p>　　體會(huì)文章蘊(yùn)涵作者的思想感情。</p><p>　　<strong>四、課時(shí)安排：</strong></p><p>　　一課時(shí)</p><p>　　<strong>教學(xué)過程：</strong></p><p>　　<strong>一、新課導(dǎo)入：</strong></p><p>　　<strong>二、簡(jiǎn)介作者和托爾斯泰</strong></p><p>　　1、斯蒂芬·茨威格（1881-1942 ）奧地利作家，擅長寫小說、人物傳記，也寫詩歌、戲劇和翻譯作品。自幼喜好文學(xué)作品。早期推崇唯美主義，相信通過抽象的道德教育可以改變?nèi)说木衩婷�。他從唯美主義到人道主義到反法西斯主義，始終沒有跨出資產(chǎn)階級(jí)意識(shí)范疇。最終攜妻在巴西自殺。2、列夫·尼古拉耶維奇·托爾斯泰（1828-1910）十九世紀(jì)后半期俄國最偉大的作家，他以自己漫長一生的辛勤創(chuàng)作，登上了歐洲批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)的高峰。托爾斯泰出身于古老而有名望的大貴族，但他一生始終不渝地真誠地尋求接近人民的道路，多次在自己的莊園進(jìn)行改革，但是都沒成功。五十年代開始文學(xué)創(chuàng)作�！稇�(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平》是他前期創(chuàng)作總結(jié)。《安娜·卡列尼娜》代表他創(chuàng)作的第二個(gè)里程碑。《復(fù)活》是他長期思想探索的藝術(shù)總結(jié)，是他對(duì)俄國地主資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)批判最全面、最深刻、最有力的一部長篇小說。</p><p>　　<strong>三、整體感知課文</strong></p><p>　　1、聽示范朗讀錄音。</p><p>　　2、請(qǐng)同學(xué)們?cè)诳陀^描寫墳?zāi)沟木渥酉旅娈嫏M線。</p><p>　　<strong>四、概括課文要點(diǎn)</strong></p><p>　　1、文中哪些句子對(duì)托爾斯泰墓進(jìn)行了描寫</p><p>　　明確：</p><p>　�。�1）“遠(yuǎn)離塵囂，孤零零地躺在林陰里�！�</p><p>　�。�2）“這只是一個(gè)長方形的土堆而已，無人守護(hù)，無人管理，只有幾株大樹蔭蔽�！�</p><p>　�。�3）“它只是樹林中的一個(gè)小小長方形土丘，上面開滿鮮花，沒有十字架，沒有墓碑，沒有墓志銘，連托爾斯泰這個(gè)名字也沒有�！�</p><p>　�。�4）“夏天，風(fēng)兒在俯臨這座無名者之墓的樹木之間颯颯響著，和暖的陽光在墳頭嬉戲；冬天，白雪溫柔地覆蓋這片幽暗的土地�！�</p><p>　　2、體現(xiàn)了托爾斯泰墓怎樣的特點(diǎn)呢?</p><p>　　明確：自然、普通、樸素、、寧靜</p><p>　�。ò鍟� 樸素遠(yuǎn)離塵囂沒有裝飾沒有墓碑</p><p>　　3、作者認(rèn)為樸素的托爾斯泰墓是“世間最美的墳?zāi)埂保闹心男┚渥又苯邮惆l(fā)了作者的這種感情呢?</p><p>　�。�1）“我在俄國所見到的景物再?zèng)]有比列夫·托爾斯泰墓更宏偉、更感人的了�！�</p><p>　　（2）“他的墳?zāi)钩闪耸篱g最美的、給人印象最深刻的、最感人的墳?zāi)�。�?/p><p>　�。�3）“人們重新感到，這個(gè)世界上再也沒有比這最后留下的、紀(jì)念碑式的樸素更打動(dòng)人心的了�！�</p><p>　　（4）“看上去再也沒有像樹林中的這個(gè)只有風(fēng)兒低吟，甚至全無人語聲，莊嚴(yán)肅穆，感人至深的無名墓冢那樣劇烈震撼每一個(gè)人內(nèi)心深藏著的感情。”</p><p>　　4、這種樸素對(duì)到他安息地來的人又產(chǎn)生怎樣的影響？為什么會(huì)產(chǎn)生這樣的影響？</p><p>　　明確：“這里，逼人的樸素禁錮住任何一種觀賞的閑情，并且不容許大聲說話。”“在今天這個(gè)特殊的日子里，成百上千到他的安息地來的人中間沒有一個(gè)有勇氣，哪怕僅僅從這幽暗的土丘上摘下一朵花作紀(jì)念�！� 這種對(duì)內(nèi)心的強(qiáng)烈震撼引發(fā)的是一種崇高的敬意。</p><p>　　<strong>（板書）感人扣人心弦</strong></p><p>　　樸打動(dòng)人心敬</p><p>　　素劇烈震撼意</p><p>　　最美</p><p>　　<strong>五、綜合課文，探究分析</strong></p><p>　　作者為什么將這位俄國最偉大的文學(xué)家，世界文學(xué)史上享有盛譽(yù)的作家的墳?zāi)狗Q為“世間最美的墳?zāi)埂�？（分幾個(gè)小問題進(jìn)行探討）</p><p>　　其所以美，正是因?yàn)闃闼氐膲災(zāi)估锫裨嶂晃黄犯窀呱械膫ト�。這墳?zāi)雇耆凑胀袪査固┑脑竿ǔ傻模钌畹卮蛏狭送袪査固┤烁竦挠『�。或者說它直接呈現(xiàn)了托爾斯泰的一種人格——平民化的樸素。聲名蓋世的托爾斯泰苦嗜樸素，樸素是他人格的呈現(xiàn)和象征。墳?zāi)沟钠椒财胀ㄅc偉人英名似乎不相稱，但正是作者立意之所在，普通蘊(yùn)含偉大，對(duì)比中使人發(fā)現(xiàn)一種不同尋常的精神力量，這種精神力量可以長久地震撼人們的心靈，并讓人們永久記住。所以說這座墳?zāi)故恰笆篱g最美的墳?zāi)埂薄?/p><p>　　1、托爾斯泰為什么選擇這樣的墓地？</p><p>　　明確：我感受到晚年的托爾斯泰在追求一種恬靜、自然的幸福。</p><p>　　他兒時(shí)聽到關(guān)于幸福的古老傳說，就和哥哥在莊園里親手種樹，多么天真無邪，多么富有童趣。而飽經(jīng)憂患、歷經(jīng)磨難的托爾斯泰晚年回想起這些往事，突然覺得“自然、寧靜、遠(yuǎn)離世俗”才是幸福的，于是他愿意將自己埋骨于此處。要理解這段話其實(shí)并不很難，只要我們善于抓住其中的一些語言信息，比如：“遠(yuǎn)離塵囂”“飽經(jīng)憂患”等，再結(jié)合我們對(duì)托爾斯泰生平的了解。</p><p>　　2、我們?cè)賮砜匆豢聪奶�、冬天墓地的景物描寫，說出這兩幅畫面的意境嗎?</p><p>　　明確：寧靜、輕柔、和諧、靜穆、溫煦。</p><p>　　3、從哪些詞語中體會(huì)出來的?</p><p>　　?明確：“風(fēng)兒”“俯臨”“和暖”“嬉戲”“溫柔”。</p><p>　　4、這些詞語多么溫情，讓人感到這位偉人安睡在這樣的環(huán)境中是一種幸福，享受到了一種寧靜、自然、和諧的幸福。哪位女生給大家讀讀這段文字?用自己有聲的語言來表現(xiàn)這種意境，傳達(dá)其中的感情。</p><p>　　明確：這種自然寧靜、遠(yuǎn)離世俗、不為名聲所累的境界，正是托爾斯泰畢生的追求，同時(shí)也印證了他生前的選擇。</p><p>　　5、“這個(gè)小小的'，隆起的長方形包容著當(dāng)代最偉大人物當(dāng)中的一個(gè)�！庇纱�，作者想到了拿破侖、歌德、莎士比亞的墓冢，并進(jìn)行了比較，你怎樣看待這種比較?（幻燈片顯示名人墓冢）</p><p>　　明確：三位偉人的墓是一種莊嚴(yán)的美、華麗的美。這種“美”與他們“偉人”的名聲是和諧統(tǒng)一的。這是符合常人心理的，偉人死后，人們會(huì)用自己認(rèn)為是最好的方式來紀(jì)念他們。</p><p>　　而托爾斯泰墳?zāi)沟臉闼孛琅c他淡泊名利、追求平民化的生活也是和諧統(tǒng)一的。因而，只有偉人與偉人相比較，才能讓人體會(huì)到這幽暗的小土丘的“宏偉”，才能讓人感到托爾斯泰的與眾不同。作者認(rèn)為它是“世間最美的”。</p><p>　　<strong>六、課外延伸</strong></p><p>　　請(qǐng)同學(xué)們簡(jiǎn)單談?wù)劊?學(xué)習(xí)完本文，得到怎樣的啟示</p><p>　　例：許多人的一生把大半時(shí)間和精力花在設(shè)計(jì)、精修、雕琢自己的墓碑上，但他們不知道：活著用在墓碑上的精力越多，死后他的墓碑損壞得越早，如果你生前沒有為人類作出多大貢獻(xiàn)，那么死后你的墓碑再宏偉、再壯觀，也只是廢石一塊，最堅(jiān)固的墓碑是立在后人心中的，即使它是砂石一堆，也是世界上最美麗、最感人的碑石。</p><p>　　<strong>七、總結(jié)</strong></p><p>　　墓地的遠(yuǎn)離塵囂、沒有裝飾、沒有墓碑的樸素美，透視了托爾斯泰內(nèi)在的人格美。</p><p>　　<strong>附：板書設(shè)計(jì)</strong></p><p>　　世間最美的墳?zāi)?/p><p>　　——記1928年的一次俄國旅行茨威格</p><p>　　托氏墓總印象宏偉、感人</p><p>　　情墳?zāi)菇榻B 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